How is intraocular lymphoma diagnosed?

For diagnosis, the gold standard is cytopathologic inspection of ocular fluid or chorioretinal biopsies. Small gauge vitrectomy may help with the yield and it is important to obtain an undiluted specimen (0.5 – 1 ml) at a low cut rate. The sample may then be evaluated for: Cytology.

What is the most common clinical presentation of primary intraocular lymphoma?

PIOL is mainly a subtype of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). SIOL results from ocular metastasis originating from outside the CNS. The most common presentation of intraocular lymphoma is decreased vision with nonresolving uveitis. Diagnosis is often based on obtaining an intraocular biopsy specimen.

Does lymphoma enhance on MRI?

Magnetic Resonance Imaging On postgadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRIs, lymphoma tends to enhance intensely and diffusely. In patients with AIDS-related immunosuppression, a ringlike enhancing pattern is seen most often (see the images below).

What causes intraocular lymphoma?

Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is mainly a sub-type of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Alternatively, IOL can originate from outside the central nervous system (CNS) by metastasizing to the eye. These tumors are known as secondary intraocular lymphoma (SIOL).

Can lymphoma affect the optic nerve?

Ocular involvement, usually affecting the retina, the vitreous, or the optic nerve head, can be found in about 20% of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL),1 whereas optic nerve infiltration (ONI) is a rare condition. Infrequently, choroidal lymphoma can extend to the optic nerve and the orbit.

Can CT scan detect CNS lymphoma?

CNS lymphomas may have a characteristic appearance on traditional CT and MR imaging; however, none of these imaging characteristics will unequivocally differentiate CNS lymphomas from other neoplasms (eg, metastases from other malignancies, malignant gliomas, meningiomas) or non-neoplastic diseases (eg, multiple …

What does lymphoma of the brain look like on MRI?

Classic imaging appearance for primary CNS lymphoma is of a CT hyperdense avidly enhancing mass, with T1 hypointense, T2 iso- to hypointense, vivid homogeneous gadolinium-enhancing lesion(s) with restricted diffusion on MRI, and exhibiting subependymal extension and crossing of the corpus callosum.

Can eye lymphoma spread to the brain?

PIOL can develop in the retina, the light sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye; in the vitreous, the jelly-like fluid inside the eye; or in the optic nerve at the back of the eye. About 80 percent of people who have PIOL develop it in both eyes and it may also be found in the brain.