Which phospholipid is present in the brain?

PE, including diacyl PE and PEP, is the most abundant class of phospholipids in the brain, heart, and kidney, accounting for 55% of the total phospholipid content in the brain, 49% in the heart, and 48% in the kidney.

Which parts make up the phospholipid head?

Phospholipid Structure A phospholipid is made up of two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group head. Fatty acids are long chains that are mostly made up of hydrogen and carbon, while phosphate groups consist of a phosphorus molecule with four oxygen molecules attached.

What are the 3 parts of the phospholipid?

Phospholipids are amphiphilic lipids consisting of a glycerol backbone or an amino-alcohol sphingosine backbone, which is esterified to one or two fatty acids, a phosphate group and a hydrophilic residue.

Which part of phospholipids group that are found in the brain and other nerve tissues?

Cephalins are found in brain tissue and nerves and also have a role in blood clotting. Phosphoglycerides containing choline as the amino alcohol unit are called phosphatidylcholines or lecithins. Lecithins occur in all living organisms. Like cephalins, they are important constituents of nerve and brain tissue.

Which are mostly found in cell membrane of brain tissue?

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are present on cell surface membranes and are particularly abundant in the brain. Since over 300–400 GSLs are synthesized from glucosylceramide (GlcCer), GlcCer is believed to only serve as the source of most GSLs, including sialic acid-containing GSLs or gangliosides, in the brain.

Where are phospholipids found?

cell membranes
Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic lipids found in all plant and animal cell membranes, arranged as lipid bilayers (Figure 1).

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

The structure of a phospholipid molecule contains two hydrophobic tails of fatty acids and one hydrophilic head of phosphate moiety, jointed together by an alcohol or glycerol molecule [90]. Due to this structural arrangement, PLs form lipid bilayers and are a key component of all the cell membranes.

What are phospholipids composed of?

Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules composed of a glycerol backbone carrying a hydrophilic polar head group and two hydrophobic fatty acyl tails (Van Meer et al., 2008; Vance and Vance, 2002).

Why is the head of a phospholipid hydrophilic?

1: A phospholipid consists of a head and a tail. The “head” of the molecule contains the phosphate group and is hydrophilic, meaning that it will dissolve in water. The “tail” of the molecule is made up of two fatty acids, which are hydrophobic and do not dissolve in water.

What are the different kinds of lipids in the brain?

Lipids found in the brain are grouped as sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and cholesterol and are considered to be present in almost equal ratios [8, 9]. These lipids are involved in developmental, maintenance and many other cellular processes of the brain.

What is brain tissue composed of?

Brain tissue is composed of neuronal, glial and endothelial cells, and although there must be biological rules that determine the numbers of cells of each subtype and the volumes (or masses) occupied by them, little is known about such rules, if they indeed exist.

Which phospholipid is abundant in the myelin sheath of neural cells?

Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines (also called lecithin) are an abundant phospholipid found in myelin, particularly in the PNS (Table 1).

What is phospholipid in human body?

Phospholipids are compound lipids, consisting of phosphoric acids, nitrogen base, alcohol and fatty acids. These compound lipids are major components of the cell membrane and also provide a fluid character to the membranes.

What organelles contain phospholipids?

Several organelles also have a membrane containing phospholipids. These include the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vesicles, the Golgi apparatus and more. The nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts have a phospholipid bilayer whereas the remaining organelles contain a single lipid layer.

What are 2 types of phospholipid?

Phospholipids are an important class of membrane lipids that contain two categories of lipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids.

What is the polar head of a phospholipid made of?

phosphate group
In general, phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, and one or two fatty acids. On one end of the molecule are the phosphate group and one alcohol; this end is polar, i.e., has an electric charge, and is attracted to water (hydrophilic).

What do phosphate heads do?

A single phospholipid molecule has a phosphate group on one end, called the “head,” and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the lipid “tails. ” The phosphate group is negatively charged, making the head polar and hydrophilic, or “water loving.” The phosphate heads are thus attracted to the water …

What is the fat composition of the brain?

The FA composition of the brain is unique and is rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Which lipid is associated with white matter of brain?

Plasma lipids are associated with white matter microstructural changes and axonal degeneration. Brain Imaging Behav.