What is Zargar classification?
What is Zargar classification?
Figure 1. Endoscopic pictures of Zargar classification 0 to IIIB. A: Zargar Grade 0: Normal mucosa; B: Zargar Grade I: Edema and erythema of the mucosa; C: Zargar Grade IIA: Hemorrhage, erosions, blisters, superficial ulcers; D: Zargar Grade IIB: Circumferential bleeding, ulcers.
When is endoscopy needed after caustic ingestion?
Early endoscopy is recommended because about 30% of patients with caustic ingestion will have no injury to the esophagus and can be discharged promptly. Endoscopy is usually done within 24-48 h after ingestion.
What is a caustic stricture?
A corrosive stricture may be defined as a fibrotic. narrowing of the oesophageal lumen which may or. may not be lined by intact epithelium and which. follows the ingestion of a corrosive substance.
How do you manage caustic ingestion?
In patients with caustic ingestion, airway monitoring and control is the first priority. When airway compromise is present, a definitive airway must be established. In patients with a stable airway and no clinical or radiological sign of perforation, medical therapy should be initiated.
What is an example of a caustic substance?
Common sources of caustics include solid and liquid drain and toilet bowl cleaners, battery acid, and hydrochloric acid for swimming pools. Industrial products are usually more concentrated than household products and thus tend to be more damaging.
What are caustic drugs?
Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE and potassium hydroxide are the most widely used caustic agents in industry. Medically, they have been used externally to remove diseased or dead tissues and destroy warts and small tumors.
What is the role of endoscopy in corrosive ingestion?
Although the caustic agents and motives are different among countries and age groups, endoscopy still plays an invaluable role in diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy can determine the severity of caustic ingestion which is of great importance in choosing appropriate treatment.
What causes caustic?
Caustic embrittlement is a phenomenon that occurs in boilers where caustic substances accumulate in boiler materials. It also can be described as the cracking of riveted mild steel boiler plates. This occurs at temperatures of 200°-250°C as a result of local deposition of concentrated hydroxide.
What causes caustic ingestion?
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance. Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
What are the types of caustic?
Caustic
- Sodium hydroxide, sometimes called caustic soda.
- Potassium hydroxide, sometimes called caustic potash.
- Calcium oxide, sometimes called caustic lime.
What pH is caustic?
14.0
pH values for bases like sodium hydroxide, ammonia and more.
| Base | Normality | pH |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) | N | 14.0 |
| Sodium hydroxide | 0.1 N | 13.0 |
| Sodium hydroxide | 0.01 N | 12.0 |
| Sodium metasilicate | 0.1 N | 12.6 |
What are the different caustic and corrosives?
Caustic & corrosive are exactly the same thing: damage. The reason for the different terms is to indicate what caused the damage. This is also why you hear of metal objects in the environment “corroding” because our environment is slightly acidic (acid rain, etc.)
What is caustic esophagitis?
Abstract. Corrosive esophagitis is characterized by caustic injury due to the ingestion of chemical agents, mainly alkaline substances such as detergents. Esophageal bleeding, perforation, or stricture can be worsened by high-degree corrosive esophagitis.
What type of injury does ingestion of acid does to esophagus?
Caustic ingestion can cause severe injury to the esophagus and the stomach. Alkali ingestions typically damage the esophagus more than the stomach or duodenum, whereas acids cause more severe gastric injury. Aspiration of either acid or alkali can also induce both laryngeal and tracheobronchial injury.
What are some examples of caustic?
An example of caustic is a boyfriend who is emotionally abusive to his girlfriend. That can burn, eat away, or destroy tissue by chemical action; corrosive.
What are the effects of caustic?
Caustic ingestions may cause widespread injury to the lips, oral cavity, pharynx, and the upper airway. The effect that these agents have on the esophagus accounts for most of the serious injuries and long-term complications seen among both children and adults. 3 Short-term complications include perforation and death.
What are the 2 symptoms of corrosive poisoning?
Ingestion of caustic or corrosive agents (e.g., phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid) can cause direct injury to tissue upon exposure, which might lead to the following signs and symptoms: oral pain, ulcerations, drooling, dysphagia, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
What are common caustics?
What is characteristic of caustic?
Properties of Caustic Soda It is a white solid which has a melting point of 591K. It is a stable compound. NaOH is bitter and has a soapy feel to it. It is highly soluble in water and moderately soluble in alcohol. Sodium hydroxide is strongly alkaline in nature.
What does a 12 pH mean?
As this diagram shows, pH ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs less than 7 are acidic while pHs greater than 7 are alkaline (basic).
