What is the function of ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes?

ATP dependent remodeling complexes mobilize nucleosomes along DNA, promote the exchange of histones, or completely displace nucleosomes from DNA. These remodeling complexes are often categorized based on the domain organization of their catalytic subunit.

What are nucleosome remodeling complexes?

Nucleosome (chromatin) remodeling specifically refers to the ATP-dependent enzymatic complexes (e.g., nBAF, SWI/SNF, INO80, ISWI, NURD) that are involved in nucleosome mobility underlying transcriptional regulation.

What effect can ATP dependent chromatin remodeling have on transcription quizlet?

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling may effect position of nucleosomes, evict histones, and may replace histones with histone variants. The addition of methyl groups to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis. Inhibits initiation of transcription when occurs near promoter.

What is ATP-dependent chromatin nucleosome remodeling?

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling are recruited to promoters and cooperate with histone modifying enzymes. All known classes of chromatin remodeling ATPases are recruited to specific sites such as promoters by direct interaction with sequence specific DNA binding proteins, such as transcription factors.

What does ATP-dependent mean?

Term: ATP-dependent protein binding. Definition: Binding to a protein or protein complex using energy from ATP hydrolysis.

How does SWI SNF work?

The SWI/SNF subfamily provides crucial nucleosome rearrangement, which is seen as ejection and/or sliding. The movement of nucleosomes provides easier access to the chromatin, allowing genes to be activated or repressed.

What is needed for chromatin remodeling?

Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes.

Where are CpG islands typically located?

CpG islands typically occur at or near the transcription start site of genes, particularly housekeeping genes, in vertebrates. A C (cytosine) base followed immediately by a G (guanine) base (a CpG) is rare in vertebrate DNA because the cytosines in such an arrangement tend to be methylated.

Does DNA methylation inhibit transcription?

It has been well established that DNA methylation can influence gene expression. In general, DNA methylation represses transcription, and loss of methylation is associated with gene activation (4). DNA methylation can directly interfere with transcription factor binding in some cases (6).

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which chromatin remodeling complexes loosen the DNA wrapped around the core histones?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which chromatin-remodeling complexes “loosen” the DNA wrapped around the core histones? (a) They use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to change the relative position of the DNA and the core histone octamer.

How do KATP channels work?

The ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K ATP channel) senses metabolic changes in the pancreatic beta-cell, thereby coupling metabolism to electrical activity and ultimately to insulin secretion. When K ATP channels open, beta-cells hyperpolarize and insulin secretion is suppressed.