What do MAPK inhibitors do?

MAPK kinase inhibitor (PD98059) can abrogate the proliferative effects. Silence of Eps8 also inhibits cell proliferation, which suggests that Eps8 promotes pituitary tumor cell proliferation through enhancing the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling (30). Therefore, Eps8 is a potential drug target for PA treatment.

Is RAF a MAP kinase kinase kinase?

Raf activates the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2 dual-specificity protein kinases, which then activate ERK1/2. The mutational activation of Raf in human cancers supports the important role of this pathway in human oncogenesis.

What happens when p38 is activated?

The activation of the p38 pathway plays essential roles in the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) 90; induction of enzymes such as COX-2 which controls connective tissue remodeling in pathological conditions 91; expression of intracellular enzymes such as iNOS, a regulator of oxidation 92.

What is the role of p38?

p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation.

Which drugs are protein kinase inhibitors?

bosutinib, crizotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib, pazopanib, ruxolitinib, sunitinib, and vemurafenib. Apart from the large-scale clinical success, Type I kinase inhibitors also come with adverse side-effects.

Is MAPK and AMPK the same?

The crosstalk between MAPK and AMPK signalings. As described above, the MAPK signaling controls cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival, whereas the AMPK signaling regulates cellular metabolism.

Do kinase inhibitors have side effects?

Side Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy. Common side effects include: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Muscle cramps and bone pain.