Can catecholamines cause diabetes?
Can catecholamines cause diabetes?
When catecholamine plasma levels are chronically increased, as in patients affected by pheochromocytoma, blood glucose tends to increase and insulin resistance is developing, sometimes leading to glucose intolerance or overt diabetes.
How do catecholamines affect blood sugar?
Catecholamines and a number of other hormones released during stress states contribute to the development of hyperglycemia by directly stimulating glucose production and interfering with tissue disposal of glucose.
What is the function of catecholamines in glucose metabolism?
Under physiologic conditions, infusing catecholamine is associated with enhanced rates of aerobic glycolysis (resulting in adenosine triphosphate production), glucose release (both from glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis), and inhibition of insulin-mediated glycogenesis.
What do catecholamines do to insulin?
Catecholamines inhibit insulin release by stimulation of a pancreatic α receptor. Catecholamines stimulate insulin release by stimulation of a pancreatic β receptor. α Receptor activity tends to decrease intracellular cyclic AMP and β receptor activity tends to increase intracellular cyclic AMP.
How do catecholamines increase glucose level in the blood?
Catecholamines stimulate the breakdown of glycogen which results in an increase in the blood glucose level.
How do catecholamines affect metabolism?
Catecholamines stimulate aerobic glycolysis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and inhibit glycogen synthesis. Besides, catecholamines enhance ketogenesis and are involved in proteolysis in order to provide sufficient glucose precursors. As a result, patients present with hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia.
How does catecholamines affect metabolism?
Catecholamines increase metabolic oxygen consumption. The increase in oxygen delivery usually is greater than the increase in oxygen consumption, and so this is of limited clinical importance unless therapy fails to increase cardiac output and oxygen delivery.
What do catecholamines do?
Catecholamines are important in stress responses. High levels cause high blood pressure which can lead to headaches, sweating, pounding of the heart, pain in the chest, and anxiety. Examples of catecholamines include dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
Does noradrenaline cause hyperglycemia?
We tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine, a plausible exogenous, iatrogenic cause of hyperglycemia, causes resistance to insulin action with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (HE) clamp method.
Why does pheochromocytoma cause hyperglycemia?
One of the classical symptoms of pheochromocytoma crisis is hyperglycemia [1] that might be caused by increased insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and impaired insulin secretion [2].
How do catecholamines increase metabolism?
Under physiologic conditions, catecholamines accelerate peripheral glucose uptake and utilization by increas- ing aerobic glycolysis (ATP production), and stimulating the release of glucose from gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (3).
What is catecholamine metabolism?
Catecholamine metabolism is an important target of therapeutic drugs and other chemical agents. Catecholamines are produced locally within the sympathetic neurons by metabolism of tyrosine (Fig. 6-7) to dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated into vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporters.
