How do you differentiate Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis?

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a parasite of rodents that is known to occasionally infect man. Yersinia pestis is the agent responsible for the plague. Yersinia enterocolitica causes gastroenteritis and is the most significant Yersinia species related to water transmission.

How does Yersinia enterocolitica move?

Results from this study show that the gastrointestinal pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica can migrate over and colonize surfaces by swarming motility, a form of cooperative multicellular behavior.

How do flagella contribute to pathogenicity?

Flagella are essential structures in the pathogenic potential of bacteria by providing motility or increasing adhesion. On the other hand, recent findings highlight a major role of flagellin monomer in the detection of microbes by the host and in the induction of immune responses.

Where is Yersinia Aldovae found?

Yersinia aldovae is a species of bacteria that was originally described as Group X2 Yersinia enterocolitica. Its type strain is CNY 6005 (= CDC 669-83 = ATCC 35236). Y. aldovae has been isolated from aquatic environments and soil, but it has not been associated with animal or human illnesses.

Where does Yersinia enterocolitica come from?

The most common source of Y. enterocolitica infection in humans is pork (raw or undercooked) and pigs are considered the main carrier. Other strains of Yersinia are also found in many other animals including rodents, rabbits, sheep, cattle, horses, dogs and cats.

How is Yersinia enterocolitica treated?

What is the best treatment? Fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice for Y. enterocolitica infections, based on clinical observations and in vitro antimicrobial resistance studies. Third generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides also appear to be clinically effective.

Is Yersinia enterocolitica invasive?

Bacteremia is probably the most common manifestation of invasive disease caused by Y. enterocolitica. Yersinia sepsis is usually associated with underlying host risk factors. Many of the reported pediatric cases of Yersinia bacteremia have occurred in children with iron overload syndromes.

How does yersiniosis spread in the body?

How is yersiniosis spread? Yersiniosis is usually associated with consumption of food or water contaminated with Yersinia bacteria, or by contact with a person or animal infected with Yersinia bacteria. Yersinia bacteria live in the intestines of infected persons/animals and are released with bowel movements.

Why is flagella a virulence factor?

For ages, flagella have been generally regarded as important virulence factors, mainly because of their motility property. However, flagella are getting recognized to play multiple roles with more functions besides motility and chemotaxis.

Is flagella a virulence factor?

How is yersiniosis caused?

How is yersiniosis spread? Yersinia bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by contact with an infected person or animal.

How do you catch Yersinia?

Yersinia bacteria are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water or by contact with an infected person or animal.

What are the symptoms of yersiniosis?

Common symptoms in children are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is often bloody. In older children and adults, right-sided abdominal pain and fever may be confused with symptoms of appendicitis. In a small proportion of cases, complications such as skin rash, joint pains, or a blood infection can occur.

What causes Yersinia enterocolitica?

Yersiniosis is an infection caused most often by eating raw or undercooked pork contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria. CDC estimates Y. enterocolitica causes almost 117,000 illnesses, 640 hospitalizations, and 35 deaths in the United States every year.

Does Yersinia cause invasive infection?

The increased risk of invasive Yersinia infections in these patients is believed to be related to greater requirement of this microbe for iron. In adults Yersinia bacteremia is usually associated with underlying conditions including liver disease, hemochromatosis, iron overload, malignancy, diabetes mellitus and AIDS.

What damage does Yersinia enterocolitica do to the body?

When a Y enterocolitica infection is present, it not only causes an inflamed small intestine and colon, but also symptoms such as diarrhea and a fever. A child with this infection may have stools that contain blood and mucus. These symptoms may last for 1 to 3 weeks, sometimes longer.

What is pili function?

Pili. Pili or fimbriae are protein structures that extend from the bacterial cell envelope for a distance up to 2 μm (Figure 3). They function to attach the cells to surfaces.

What is the main function of flagellum?

They help an organism in movement. They act as sensory organs to detect temperature and pH changes. Few eukaryotes use flagellum to increase reproduction rates. Recent researches have proved that flagella are also used as a secretory organelle.

Why is pili a virulence factor?

Pili are crucial virulence factors for many Gram-negative pathogens. These surface structures provide bacteria with a link to their external environments by enabling them to interact with, and attach to, host cells, other surfaces or each other, or by providing a conduit for secretion.

How can yersiniosis be prevented?

Avoid eating raw or undercooked pork. Thoroughly cook raw meat and poultry to destroy the bacteria. Meat, poultry, pork, and hamburgers should be cooked until they are no longer pink in the middle. Defrost food in the refrigerator, in cold water, or in the microwave.