How many types of goniometer are there?

Of all the types, a universal goniometer is most widely used. The short arm goniometer is used for smaller joints like the wrist, elbow, or ankle, The long arm goniometers are more accurate for joints with long levers like the knee and hip joints.

What is the importance of goniometer?

In physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training, a goniometer measures range of motion of limbs and joints of the body. These measurements help accurately track progress in a rehabilitation program.

What is universal goniometer?

Universal goniometer (UG) is commonly used as a standard method to evaluate range of motion (ROM) as part of joint motions. It has some restrictions, such as involvement of both hands of the physician, leads to instability of hands and error.

Are goniometers accurate?

The digital inclinometer was the most accurate method of assessment (6° minimum significant difference). The long arm goniometer had a minimum significant different of 10°, smartphone app 12° and both visual estimation and short arm goniometry were found to be equally inaccurate (14° minimum significant difference).

What are the limitations of goniometry?

Major drawbacks of goniometry are that the starting position, the center of rotation, the long axis of the limb and the true vertical and horizontal positions can only be visually estimated; moreover, conventional goniometers must be held with two hands, leaving neither hand free for stabilization of the body or the …

How reliable are goniometers?

The reliability of the universal goniometer, as a measuring instrument for the joints of the upper and lower limbs, is considered good to excellent, although this device presents a low level of reliability for the measurement of trunk range of motion.

What is normal ROM for knee?

A completely straight knee joint will measure 0° and a fully bent knee will have a flexion of at 135° degrees. These are the benchmark “normal” ROM measures. If you’ve had a knee replacement, your physician may look for a knee flexion in the 125-135 degree range once you’re fully recovered.