What are the differential diagnoses of otitis media?

What are the differential diagnoses of otitis media?

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS The differential diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) includes otitis media with effusion (OME) (figure 2), chronic otitis media (COM), external otitis (otitis externa), herpes zoster infection, and other deep space head and neck infections.

What is the difference between chronic otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media?

CSOM is differentiated from chronic otitis media with effusion, in which there is an intact tympanic membrane with fluid in the middle ear but no active infection. CSOM does not include chronic perforations of the eardrum that are dry, or only occasionally discharge, and have no signs of active infection.

What is diagnosis of chronic otitis media?

Diagnostic Criteria for Otitis Media

What are the types of chronic suppurative otitis media?

Two types of CSOM are recognized, a mucosal disease (safe type) and an epithelial disease (unsafe type) [3].

What is the most common cause of otitis media?

The most common bacterial pathogen in AOM is Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. These three organisms are responsible for more than 95% of all AOM cases with a bacterial etiology.

What is the difference between otitis media and otitis media with effusion?

Otitis media is a generic term that refers to an inflammation of the middle ear. The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum. Otitis media with effusion means there is fluid (effusion) in the middle ear, without an infection.

What are the causes of chronic suppurative otitis media?

Acute otitis media and blockage of a eustachian tube are among the causes of chronic suppurative otitis media. A flare-up may occur after a cold, an ear infection, or after water enters the middle ear. People usually have hearing loss and persistent drainage from the ear.

What is the difference between suppurative and Nonsuppurative otitis media?

Suppurative otitis media is a fluid buildup in the ear with pus formation, while nonsuppurative lacks pus formation.

What causes chronic suppurative otitis media?

Etiology and Risk Factors Frequent upper respiratory tract infections and poor socioeconomic conditions (e.g., overcrowded housing, poor hygiene and nutrition) are often associated with the development of chronic suppurative otitis media.

What are the 3 types of ear infection?

Ear infections are generally divided into three categories.

• Acute otitis media (AOM) AOM is the most common and least serious form of ear infection.
• Otitis media with effusion (OME) After an ear infection has run its course, there may be some fluid left behind the eardrum.
• Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME)

What is the difference between serous and suppurative otitis media?

Acute suppurative otitis media is distinguished from secretory (serous) otitis media by the presence of purulent fluid in the middle ear. Pathogenic bacteria may be cultured from the majority of needle aspirates of this purulent fluid.

What are the symptoms of chronic otitis media?

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a recurrent infection of the middle ear and/or mastoid air cells in the presence of a tympanic membrane perforation. Symptoms commonly associated with chronic ear disease include hearing loss, otorrhea, aural fullness, otalgia, and occasionally true vertigo.

What is the best treatment for chronic otitis media?

The only treatment for chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma is a surgery called tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. There are no medicines that will cure these diseases. The primary goal of surgery for chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma is to remove all infection and cholesteatoma.

Which is benign form of chronic suppurative otitis media?

CSOM Benign type is a type of CSOM in which there is no cholesteatoma, inflammation only of the mucosa, and does not cause dangerous complications.

What is the best treatment for otitis media?

High-dose amoxicillin (80 to 90 mg per kg per day) is the antibiotic of choice for treating acute otitis media in patients who are not allergic to penicillin.

How is acute suppurative otitis media diagnosed?

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis The physical exam reveals a bulging tympanic membrane, with the loss of normal landmarks and immobility of the drum on pneumo-otoscopy and/or tympanography. Chronic serous or secretory otitis media is often associated with only a few symptoms.

Can CSOM be cured?

Treatment. Treatments for CSOM may include topical antibiotics (administered into the ear) with or without steroids, systemic antibiotics (given either by mouth or by injection), topical antiseptics and ear cleaning (aural toileting), all of which can be used on their own or in various combinations.

What are the three most common causes of otitis media?

Predominant bacteria that cause otitis media are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.

What are the five risk factors for otitis media?

The following are proven risk factors for otitis media:

• Prematurity and low birth weight.
• Young age.
• Early onset.
• Family history.
• Race – Native American, Inuit, Australian aborigine.
• Altered immunity.
• Craniofacial abnormalities.
• Neuromuscular disease.

Is chronic otitis media serious?

Persistent chronic suppurative otitis media may result in destructive changes in the middle ear (such as necrosis of the long process of the incus) or aural polyps (granulation tissue prolapsing into the ear canal through the TM perforation). Aural polyps are a serious sign, almost invariably suggesting cholesteatoma.