What are the signs of retinitis pigmentosa that appears on fundus examination?

Symptoms include night blindness and loss of peripheral vision. Diagnosis is by funduscopy, which shows pigmentation in a bone-spicule configuration in the equatorial retina, narrowing of the retinal arterioles, a waxy pallor of the optic disk, posterior subcapsular cataracts, and cells in the vitreous.

How is retinitis pigmentosa diagnosed?

Eye doctors can check for RP as part of a comprehensive dilated eye exam. The exam is simple and painless — the doctor will give you some eye drops to dilate (widen) your pupil and then check your eyes for RP and other eye problems. The exam includes a visual field test to check peripheral (side) vision.

Is retinitis pigmentosa bilateral or unilateral?

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) can be unilateral in rare cases. Phenocopies which mimic the clinical appearance of RP should be excluded in these patients. Unilaterality of RP can be explained by genetic mosaics or somatic mutations.

What is tessellated fundus?

Tessellated fundus is defined as the condition in which the choroidal vessels can be seen through the retina owing to reduced pigmentation or hypoplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) [13. R.

What is ring scotoma?

Ring scotoma is an annular field defect centered on fixation. Age-related macular degeneration in the elderly and hydroxychloroquine toxicity in younger patients are usual causes of central ring scotoma.

What are bone spicules in retinitis pigmentosa?

The term bone spicules is used to refer to the type of small cells that are laid down in the formation of new bone matrix. These spicules in bone have a similar shape to the classic pigment finding in RP, thus the name.

Can you have retinitis pigmentosa in one eye?

Retinitis pigmentosa usually affects both eyes symmetrically, although in some cases, it affects one eye more than the other. There are several forms of retinitis pigmentosa with different inheritance patterns, clinical signs, and visual symptoms.

What is a posterior staphyloma?

Posterior staphyloma is a condition that can be present in highly myopic individuals with long axial lengths. It is caused by elongation of the globe due to thinning and bulging of the sclera and results in an irregular configuration of the retina at the posterior pole.