What happens when peripheral nervous system is damaged?

Peripheral neuropathy, a result of damage to the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves), often causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet. It can also affect other areas and body functions including digestion, urination and circulation.

What is Extraneural fibrosis?

Neural fibrosis is typically associated with a pseudoneuroma in continuity which has resulted from scarring and adhesions around the nerve as well as proliferation of the fibrous element within the nerve; the fibrosis may be classified as extraneural, intraneural or dispersive.

Are nerves mesenchymal?

Previous studies have focused on neural components of peripheral nerves, but nerves also contain mesenchymal cells (Figure 1A). Peripheral nerves have an epineurial connective tissue sheath, and within this sheath are nerve fascicles that are each enclosed by a specialized mesenchymal perineurium.

What do peripheral nerves do?

Peripheral nerves send messages from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. They help do things such as sense that the feet are cold and move the body’s muscles for walking. Peripheral nerves are made of fibers called axons that are insulated by surrounding tissues.

Can scar tissue affect sciatic nerve?

Piriformis syndrome — as the piriformis muscles run down the buttocks into the leg, the sciatic nerve can get irritated and pinch the nerve. Scar tissue — patients who have had previous spinal surgery may have scar tissue that has built up and is affecting the nerve root.

Are Schwann cells mesenchymal?

Schwann Cell-Like Cells Derived from Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration through a MicroRNA-214/c-Jun Pathway.

Are Schwann cells stem cells?

The cells of the neural crest, often referred to as neural crest stem cells, give rise to a number of sub-lineages, one of which is Schwann cells, the glial cells of peripheral nerves.

What are the two types of peripheral nerves?

There are three types of peripheral nerves: motor, sensory and autonomic. Some neuropathies affect all three types of nerves, while others involve only one or two.