What is EM wave propagation?

In simple words, electromagnetic waves are oscillations produced due to crossing over of an electric and a magnetic field. The direction of the propagation of such waves is perpendicular to the direction of the force of either of these fields as seen in the above figure.

What was Maxwell’s theory of EM waves?

In his formulation of electromagnetism, Maxwell described light as a propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields. More generally, he predicted the existence of electromagnetic radiation: coupled electric and magnetic fields traveling as waves at a speed equal to the known speed of light.

What are the basic principles of EM theory?

Electromagnetic Theory covers the basic principles of electromagnetism: experimental basis, electrostatics, magnetic fields of steady currents, motional e.m.f. and electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equations, propagation and radiation of electromagnetic waves, electric and magnetic properties of matter, and …

What are the propagation mechanisms of EM waves?

Reflection, diffraction, and scattering are the three basic propagation mechanisms which impact propagation in a mobile communication system. Reflection occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges upon an object which has very large dimensions when compared to the wavelength of the propagating wave.

Why do EM waves propagate?

Changing electric fields produce magnetic fields and changing magnetic fields produce electric fields. This interplay between induced electric and magnetic fields leads to propagating electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can propagate through free space.

What are the characteristics of EM waves?

All electromagnetic waves: are transverse waves; can travel through a vacuum ; travel at exactly the same speed in a vacuum, the speed of light, 300,000,000 m/s….Like all waves, electromagnetic waves:

  • transfer energy from one place to another;
  • can be reflected;
  • can be refracted .

Who discovered EM waves?

Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Hertz was a brilliant German physicist and experimentalist who demonstrated that the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell actually exist.

What are some applications of EM theory?

Besides the above applications, EMFT is used in:

  • Bio-medical systems.
  • Weather forecast radars.
  • Remote sensing radars.
  • Radio astronomy radars.
  • Plasmas.
  • Electric motors.
  • Radiation therapy.
  • Surface hardening.

Why is electromagnetic theory important?

EM theory is an essential basis for understanding the devices, methods, and systems used for electrical energy. Both electric and magnetic fields are defined in terms of the forces they produce.

What are the different types of wave propagation?

The Modes of Wave Propagation Along a Transmission Line

  • Transverse Electric and Magnetic (TEM) Mode. TEM, also referred to as transmission line mode, is the principal mode of wave propagation and exists only in transmission lines made of two conductors.
  • Transverse Magnetic (TM) Mode.
  • Transverse Electric (TE) Mode.

How do em propagate?

The changing magnetic field, in turn, induces an electric field so that a series of electrical and magnetic oscillations combine to produce a formation that propagates as an electromagnetic wave.