What is haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A hemolytic transfusion reaction is a serious complication that can occur after a blood transfusion. The reaction occurs when the red blood cells that were given during the transfusion are destroyed by the person’s immune system.

What is the most common cause of hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Human error is the most common cause of AHTRs due to ABO incompatibility. The error could be made in many places: during the initial blood draw, issuing of the blood product, and transfusing product to the wrong patient.

What are the signs of hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Classically, acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is described as a triad of symptoms; fever, flank pain, and red or brown urine. However, this classic presentation is not seen often. Other symptoms are chills, hypotension, renal failure, back pain, or signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

What are the two classes of transfusion reaction?

These include: Acute hemolytic reactions. This can happen if there’s red blood cell damage before the transfusion due to heat or an imbalance in the cells. Simple allergic reactions.

Which antibody is associated with hemolytic transfusion?

Hemolytic transfusion reactions have been reported to be caused by antibodies with varying specificities, including anti-c, anti-E, anti-Fy3, anti-Fya, anti-Fyb, anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, anti-K, anti-Kpa, anti-M, anti-N, anti-s and anti-U antibodies [13, 14].

What is the treatment for hemolytic transfusion reaction?

If a person develops an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, the doctor or nurse will stop the transfusion. Treatment depends on the severity of the reaction and may include: IV fluids. dialysis.

Which antibody is associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions?

What is transfusion reaction protocol?

As soon as you suspect a transfusion reaction: Stop the transfusion immediately and activate emergency procedures if required. Check and monitor the patient’s vital signs. Maintain intravenous (IV) access (do not flush the existing line and use a new IV line if required).

What is the classic presentation of hemolytic transfusion reaction?

History and Physical Classically, acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is described as a triad of symptoms; fever, flank pain, and red or brown urine. However, this classic presentation is not seen often.

What are the different types of transfusion reactions?

21. Acute Transfusion Reactions • Hemolytic Reactions (AHTR) • Febrile Reactions (FNHTR) • Allergic Reactions • TRALI (Transfusion related acute lung injury) • Coagulopathy with Massive transfusions • Bacteremia.

Are hemolytic transfusion reactions preventable?

Pearls and Other Issues Though not always, sometimes transfusion hemolytic reactions can be completely preventable. For immune reactions, good documentation and careful cross-checking can minimize the incidence of this complication, secondary to clerical errors.

What is the prevalence of hemolytic transfusion reactions in the US?

The prevalence of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions has been estimated at approximately 1 in 70,000 per blood product transfused. Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction incidence is unknown because most patients are asymptomatic, so it is under reported.