What is Quantal and graded response?

What is Quantal and graded response?

Quantal responses are those which classify. an organism or other unit of biological material as having responded. or not; for example, death, paralysis, etc. A graded response is such. that the single organism gives a response in quantitative terms; for.

What is a graded drug response?

a Graded dose-response relationship describes a drug effect which increases in proportion to increasing drug dose. A graded response to a drug is seen in an individual, and increases with dose. Graded dose-response graphs plot the response to a drug against its concentration.

What is Quantal drug response?

A quantal dose response is a defined drug effect which is either present or absent. In a population, there is usually some variation of doses required to achieve the defined drug effect. The distribution of these dose tends to be a normal Gaussian distribution (i.e a bell curve)

What is a quantal effect?

an effect that can be expressed only in binary terms, as occurring or not occurring.

Which one is an example of graded response?

Individual or Graded Responses Examples of continuous outcomes include blood pressure, enzymatic activity, weight, essential nutrients (i.e., those that must be consumed in the diet), or any other outcome that is actually or presumptively associated with animal health or cellular viability.

Which therapeutic index is the safest?

A ratio that compares the blood concentration at which a drug becomes toxic and the concentration at which the drug is effective. The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is.

What are the types of drug response?

Adverse drug reactions are classified into six types (with mnemonics): dose-related (Augmented), non-dose-related (Bizarre), dose-related and time-related (Chronic), time-related (Delayed), withdrawal (End of use), and failure of therapy (Failure).

What is quantal data?

When the response for an individual unit (well, animal etc) is a binary value, such as alive / dead, or response / no response, the data are treated as quantal. The responses are assumed to follow a binomial distribution within each dose group.

What is graded bioassay?

Graded Assay:- It is proportional to the dose and response may lie between no response and maximum response. Graded Responses can be any type of measured responses in isolated tissues in particular, but also in whole animals.

What are the difference between three and four point bio assay?

The stress concentration of a three point test is small and concentrated under the center of the loading point, whereas the stress concentration of a four point test is over a larger region, avoiding premature failure. A three point test is easier to perform than a four point test.

Is a higher therapeutic index better?

The larger the therapeutic index (TI), the safer the drug is. If the TI is small (the difference between the two concentrations is very small), the drug must be dosed carefully and the person receiving the drug should be monitored closely for any signs of drug toxicity.

What is the ideal value of therapeutic index?

A higher therapeutic index is preferable to a lower one: a patient would have to take a much higher dose of such a drug to reach the toxic threshold than the dose taken to elicit the therapeutic effect….Therapeutic index.