What is santoflex?

Santoflex™ 77PD is a liquid amine based antioxidant in reducing fouling of catalysts and in stabilizing polymers. Santoflex 77PD acts as a high activity antiozonant to protect natural and synthetic elastomer compounds, particularly in static applications for compounds containing no wax.

Who makes 6PPD?

Eastman Santoflex 6PPD functions as a powerful antioxidant and antiozonant for natural and synthetic elastomer compounds and as a synthetic polymer stabilizer. Santoflex 6PPD provides protection against fatigue degradation in both static and dynamic operating conditions.

Is 6PPD quinone harmful to humans?

Both 6PPD and 6PPD quinone can be considered as highly toxic chemicals since their 96 h LC50 values lie in the range of 100–1000 µg/L (according to the US EPA, 1985 classification).

Is 6PPD an antioxidant?

6PPD is an antioxidant and antiozonant that helps prevent the degradation and cracking of rubber compounds caused by exposure to oxygen, ozone and temperature fluctuation. 6PPD is used industry wide to help tires resist degradation and cracking, which is vital for driver and passenger safety.

Is 6PPD toxic?

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone, also known as 6PPD quinone, was recently identified as a toxic chemical that causes acute mortality in coho salmon following exposure to urban runoff.

What chemical in tires kills salmon?

6PPD-quinone
Online today in Science, researchers led by Kolodziej report the primary culprit comes from a chemical widely used to protect tires from ozone, a reactive atmospheric gas. The toxicant, called 6PPD-quinone, leaches out of the particles that tires shed onto pavement. Even small doses killed coho salmon in the lab.

Why is 6PPD toxic?

6-PPD is a chemical widely used to protect car tires from ozone. However, when rainwater washes it into freshwater, 6PPD degrades into 6-PPD quinone, a contaminant that a recent study​ has linked to the mass deaths of Coho salmon in the Pacific Northwest of the US.

How is 6PPD made?

6PPD is prepared by reductive amination of methyl isobutyl ketone with 4-aminodiphenylamine.

Are tires toxic to fish?

Substance derived from tire debris is toxic to two trout species, not just coho salmon. Every time it rains, fish living downstream of storm drains are exposed to pollutants, including the tire-derived compound 6PPD-quinone, in the runoff.

What does 6PPD stand for?

High Resolution Image. N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone, also known as 6PPD quinone, was recently identified as a toxic chemical that causes acute mortality in coho salmon following exposure to urban runoff.

Is tire dust toxic?

Tyre dust contains two main classes of chemicals — organic and inorganic. These organic chemicals are especially toxic to aquatic creatures (such as fish and frogs), and depending on the levels, can cause mutations, or even death. In test tube laboratory experiments, they damage human DNA.

Why is there zinc in tires?

Zinc (typically as zinc oxide) is added to tire rubber to encourage the vulcanization—a process that strengthens rubber and allows tire manufacturers to mold it into the precise shapes found in treads and other tire components.