What is the difference between Pyonephrosis and pyelonephritis?

Pyonephrosis—pus in the renal pelvis—results from urinary tract obstruction in the presence of pyelonephritis. Purulent exudate (inflammatory cells, infectious organisms, and necrotic, sloughed urothelium) collects in the hydronephrotic collecting system (“pus under pressure”) and forms an abscess.

Where is a Perinephric abscess?

Perinephric abscesses are located between the capsule of the kidney and the Gerota fascia. The abscesses remain confined in this location because of the Gerota fascia.

Can pyelonephritis cause pleural effusion?

Conclusion: Though quite rare, pleural effusion is a potential complication of acute pyelonephritis. The exact pathogenesis of transudative pleural effusion is unknown, but the effusion may resolve spontaneously when infection is adequately controlled.

What is the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis?

Acute pyelonephritis results from bacterial invasion of the renal parenchyma. Bacteria usually reach the kidney by ascending from the lower urinary tract. In all age groups, episodes of bacteriuria occur commonly, but most are asymptomatic and do not lead to infection.

What is the most common cause of pyelonephritis?

The main cause of acute pyelonephritis is gram-negative bacteria, the most common being Escherichia coli. Other gram-negative bacteria which cause acute pyelonephritis include Proteus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter.

What causes emphysematous pyelonephritis?

The main bacteria causing emphysematous pyelonephritis are the classical germs of urinary tract infection. The most common is Escherichia coli. Other bacteria include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [4-7].

How is emphysematous pyelonephritis diagnosed?

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a radiological diagnosis made by CT scan, abdominal radiograph, or renal ultrasound. CT scan is considered the definitive modality because of its ability to fully characterize the extent and position of gas within the kidney and collecting system and identify any tissue destruction.