What is the FIGO staging system?
What is the FIGO staging system?
FIGO Staging is based on clinical staging, careful clinical examination before any definitive therapy has begun. Exception: ovary, which includes surgical exploration.
What is TNM system?
A system to describe the amount and spread of cancer in a patient’s body, using TNM. T describes the size of the tumor and any spread of cancer into nearby tissue; N describes spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes; and M describes metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body).
What is a mixed germ cell tumor?
Listen to pronunciation. (mikst jerm sel TOO-mer) A rare type of cancer that is made up of at least two different types of germ cell tumors (tumors that begin in cells that form sperm or eggs). These may include choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma, and seminoma.
What are the 3 stages of testicular cancer?
We categorize testicular cancer into three stages: Stage I, when the cancer is only in the testicle with no evidence that it has spread. Stage II, when the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes in the abdomen or pelvis. Stage III, when the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the chest, lungs, liver, bones, or brain.
What does FIGO stage IVB mean?
Stage IVB: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the groin area, and/or it has spread to distant organs, such as the bones or lungs.
What is FIGO stage IB?
Abstract. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) currently defines stage IA cervical cancer as lesions invading up to 5 mm into the stroma and with no more than 7 mm width; vascular invasion does not affect the stage assignment.
Why is TNM staging used?
The TNM system helps to establish the anatomic extent of the disease, and the combination of the three factors can serve to define the overall stage of the tumor. This method allows for simplification, with cancers staged from I-IV, with stage IV being the most severe stage.
How do you interpret TNM staging?
In the TNM system:
- The T refers to the size and extent of the main tumor. The main tumor is usually called the primary tumor.
- The N refers to the the number of nearby lymph nodes that have cancer.
- The M refers to whether the cancer has metastasized.
What is the most common mixed germ cell tumor?
Malignant mixed germ cell tumour is a type of tumour that consists of two or more malignant germ cell component. Most common combination reported is dysgerminoma and EST [2] and rarer component include embryonal carcinoma and immature terotoma [3,4].
What is the survival rate of germ cell tumor?
The cure rates are approximately 90% for Stage I, 90% for Stage II, 87% for Stage III, and 82% for Stage IV.
What is Stage 3 germ cell cancer?
Your doctor will look at the imaging studies and surgery results to decide the stage of the disease: Stage 1 — the tumor is entirely removed with surgery. Stage 2 — the tumor is removed by surgery, but microscopic cells are left behind. Stage 3 — the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes.
Does testicular cancer have stage 4?
Doctors also use a cancer’s stage when talking about survival statistics. The earliest stage of testicular cancer is stage 0 (also called germ cell neoplasia in situ, or GCNIS). The other stage groupings range from I (1) through III (3). There is no stage IV (4) testicular cancer.
How many FIGO grades are there?
Endometrial carcinoma
| FIGO grade | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | 5% or less of tumour tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are well-differentiated. |
| 2 | 6%–50% of tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are moderately differentiated. |
| 3 | More than 50% of tissue is solid tumour growth. The cancer cells are poorly differentiated. |
What is FIGO stage3?
Doctors use the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for cervical cancer. There are 4 stages, numbered 1 to 4. Stage 3 means the cancer has spread away from the cervix and into surrounding structures in the pelvis (the area between the hip bones).
What is the latest TNM staging?
The latest one is the AJCC 8th edition of TNM Staging System published in January, 2017 (3). This revision was derived from the most thorough database incorporated with 94708 lung cancer patients around the world from 1999–2010 (3).
What does T3 N0 M0 mean?
N0. M0. The cancer has grown into the outermost layers of the colon or rectum but has not gone through them (T3). It has not reached nearby organs. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes (N0) or to distant sites (M0).
Is germ cell tumor curable?
Germ cell tumours generally respond very well to chemotherapy. Most people are cured. Even cancers that have spread are still very treatable with chemotherapy.
Do germ cell tumors grow fast?
Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors There are two types of germ cell tumors that start in the gonads, or reproductive organs: seminomas, which are slower-growing, and nonseminomas, which are faster-growing tumors.
Is germ cell cancer terminal?
The survival and cure rates also depend on several factors, including the stage of the disease. The cure rate for children with a stage I or stage II germ cell tumor is 90%. The cure rate for a stage III tumor is 87%. The cure rate for a stage IV tumor is 82%.
