What is the instrument setup procedure for total station?

Procedure for setting up a tripod & leveling Total Station

  1. Setup tripod. Open up the tripod and extend the legs.
  2. Level the tripod. By changing the length of two legs you used to position the tripod, level the top surface of the tripod using the bulls-eye level.
  3. Attach instrument to tribrac.
  4. Check alignment over point.

How do you take readings from a total station?

Turn the total station to zero degrees on the horizontal axis. Position a reflection in the line of sight of the device. Using the EDM functionality, move the reflector until it is the correct distance away from the instrument. This is the point of the coordinates entered into the system.

How often should a total station be calibrated?

every three to six months
How often does a total station need to be calibrated by the user? It is recommended to do a user calibration on a regular basis, every three to six months. A reminder can be set within the Check & Adjust routine.

How do you check the accuracy of a total station?

Set up the total station at one end of the baseline and measure the elevation of each point. Comparing the two sets of elevations provides a check on the accuracy and adjustment of the instrument. Accuracy requirements may dictate that more than one set of angles and distances is measured to each point.

What is EDM in survey?

This presentation is prepared in detail as a part of the course evaluation on the topic EDM is a surveying instrument for measuring distance electronically between two points through electromagnetic waves. The advantage of using EDM instruments is the speed and accuracy in measurement.

Which are the instruments required for total station survey?

The total station A total station consists of a theodolite with a built-in distance meter (distancer), and so it can measure angles and distances at the same time. Today’s electronic total stations all have an opto-electronic distance meter (EDM) and electronic angle scanning.

What are the precautions to be taken while using total station?

PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN WHILE USING A TOTAL STATION: Use both hands to hold the total station handle. Set up the tripod as stable as possible. Do not move or carry a tripod with the total station fixed on it, except for centering.

What is total station PDF?

Definition. Total station or TST (total station theodolite) is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point …

When should instrument calibration be performed?

Depending on how frequently you use your equipment and the accuracy required, you may need to calibrate as frequently as every month to as infrequently as every year or longer. Generally, the more critical measurements being performed, the more frequently you will calibrate.

What are the errors in total station?

The following are some of the errors that are associated with a total station survey work. Vertical collimation error, Centering error, Horizontal collimation error, Eccentricity error Categorize the given errors as those due to temporary adjustments (T) and permanent adjustments(P).

How can we avoid sources of errors in total station?

Errors caused by not levellinga theodolite or total station carefully cannot be eliminated by taking face left and face right readings. If the total station is fitted with a compensator it will measure residual tilts of the instrument and will apply corrections to the horizontal and vertical angles for these.

What is ppm in total station?

The acronym PPM, standing for parts per million, expresses the accuracy of a relative orthometric height used in GPS-aided ground leveling.

What is the difference between EDM and total station?

A total station is an optical instrument used in modern surveying. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite (transit), an electronic distance measuring device (EDM) and software running on an external computer, such as a laptop or data collector. Many professionals depend on accurate measurements.

What is total station instrument?

Total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying. A total station is used to record the absolute location of the tunnel walls, ceilings (backs), and floors as the drifts of an underground mine are driven.

What are the four types of total stations?

As per Trimble Geospatial, there are the following four types of Total Stations;

  • Scanning Total Stations.
  • Robotic Total Stations.
  • Autolock Total Stations.
  • Total Mechanical Stations.

What are the working principles of total station?

Principle of Total station The total station consists of a built-in emitter, capable of emitting microwaves and infrared signals. The wavelength of these emitted waves helps in calculating the distance between the points.

How do you perform routine maintenance for survey instruments?

Here are some tips on surveying equipment maintenance so you can ensure your site measurements are precise.

  1. Service annually.
  2. Calibrate regularly and check against control points.
  3. Stay current on software upgrades.
  4. Use the carrying case for storage and transport.
  5. Clean with soap and water.
  6. Troubleshooting in the field.

What is difference between validation and calibration?

Validation ensures a system satisfies its stated functional intent. Verification ensures a process or equipment operates according to its stated operating specifications. Calibration ensures the measurement accuracy of an instrument meets a known standard.

How is instrument calibration done?

Although the exact procedure may vary from product to product, the calibration process generally involves using the instrument to test samples of one or more known values called “calibrators.” The results are used to establish a relationship between the measurement technique used by the instrument and the known values.